Deep-Sea Mining 101

Oct 23, 2025
By Gaia Research Team
Reading time: 13 mins.

Deep-sea mining targets polymetallic nodules rich in nickel, cobalt, copper and manganese—strategic metals for the energy transition. The sector is still pre-commercial and sits in a regulatory limbo: the International Seabed Authority (ISA) has not yet finalized a Mining Code, while global pressure for a moratorium grows on environmental grounds. Supporters argue it could reduce reliance on high-impact terrestrial supply chains, but scientific consensus warns of long-term damage to abyssal ecosystems.

Economically, project valuations are highly sensitive to nickel prices, offshore engineering costs and access to long-term offtake agreements. For investors, listed developers behave like binary options on regulation and geopolitics—high upside if a legal framework unlocks projects, but equally high downside from delays, financing risk and political backlash. In short: strategic but speculative.

Manganese 101

Dec 6, 2024
By Gaia Research Team
Reading time: 16 mins.

Manganese, the rising star of the battery component, is rapidly gaining prominence due to its essential role in various industries, particularly in steel production and electric vehicle (EV) batteries. This versatile transition metal, known for its strength and resistance to wear, is crucial in creating high-performance alloys and cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. With significant reserves concentrated in countries like South Africa, Gabon, and Australia, manganese production is poised for growth, driven by increasing global demand in the booming EV market and the recovery of the construction sector. This article delves into the properties, applications, supply and demand dynamics, and market trends of manganese, highlighting its significance in the contemporary industrial landscape.